the canopy layer

the tall structure — shade, mast, and shelter for everything below

canopy

english oak

quercus robur

wildlife habitatbiomasswindbreak

full sun · moderate3 relationships

canopy

apple

malus domestica

food croppollinator foragewildlife habitat

full sun · moderate5 relationships

canopy

italian alder

alnus cordata

nitrogen fixerpioneerwindbreak+1

full sun · moist3 relationships

canopy

rowan

sorbus aucuparia

wildlife habitatpollinator foragefood crop

part shade · moderate2 relationships

canopy

black locust

robinia pseudoacacia

nitrogen fixerpioneerbiomass+1

full sun · dry3 relationships

canopy

black mulberry

morus nigra

food cropwildlife habitatbiomass

full sun · moderate3 relationships

canopy

quince

cydonia oblonga

food croppollinator forage

full sun · moist3 relationships

canopy

medlar

mespilus germanica

food cropwildlife habitatpollinator forage

part shade · moderate3 relationships

canopy

common walnut

juglans regia

food cropbiomasswindbreak

full sun · moderate2 relationships

canopy

sweet chestnut

castanea sativa

food cropbiomasswildlife habitat

full sun · moderate3 relationships

canopy

silver birch

betula pendula

pioneerwildlife habitatdynamic accumulator

full sun · moderate3 relationships

canopy

basket willow

salix viminalis

biomasswildlife habitatpollinator forage+1

full sun · wet2 relationships

canopy

small-leaved lime

tilia cordata

pollinator foragefood cropmedicinal+1

part shade · moderate2 relationships

canopy

pear

pyrus communis

food croppollinator forage

full sun · moderate4 relationships

canopy

plum

prunus domestica

food croppollinator foragewildlife habitat

full sun · moderate3 relationships

canopy

copper beech

fagus sylvatica

wildlife habitatbiomasswindbreak

part shade · moderate4 relationships

canopy

chinese red birch

betula albosinensis

pioneerwildlife habitatdynamic accumulator

full sun · moderate3 relationships