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herbaceous layer

echinacea

echinacea purpurea

holds the late-summer shift when most bloom is over, then feeds finches all winter from its seed cones — leave the stems standing.

functions

medicinalpollinator foragewildlife habitat

light

full sun

moisture

moderate

soil

prairie-style: deep, drained, not pampered

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grower's notes

members

propagation, guild role, and deeper ecology for echinacea — the members' view.

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the takeaway

start a guild around echinacea

plant these together and the relationships on this page start working for you — feeders, protectors, and cover, layer by layer.

herbaceous
echinacea — the anchor
herbaceous
yarrowfennel

works inside: nectar succession

design patterns using this plant